Orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedics, is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conditions and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system. This system includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves that provide support, stability, and movement to the body.
Orthopedic surgeons are medical doctors who specialize in the field of orthopedics. They undergo extensive training to diagnose and manage a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, from minor strains and sprains to complex fractures and degenerative diseases. Orthopedic surgeons may also specialize further in specific areas such as sports medicine, spine surgery, joint replacement, pediatric orthopedics, or trauma surgery.
The scope of orthopedics encompasses various conditions and treatments, including:
Fracture Care: Orthopedic surgeons manage fractures (broken bones) resulting from trauma or injury, using techniques such as casting, splinting, or surgical intervention to realign and stabilize the bones for proper healing.
Joint Replacement Surgery: For individuals with severe arthritis or joint degeneration, joint replacement surgery may be recommended to alleviate pain and restore function. Common joint replacements include total hip replacement, total knee replacement, and shoulder replacement.
Arthroscopic Surgery: Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat joint disorders such as torn ligaments (e.g., ACL tears), cartilage damage, or recurrent joint dislocations. It involves inserting a small camera (arthroscope) and specialized instruments into the joint through small incisions, allowing the surgeon to visualize and address the problem.
Sports Medicine: Orthopedic surgeons specializing in sports medicine focus on the diagnosis and treatment of sports-related injuries, including ligament tears (e.g., ACL tears), meniscus tears, tendonitis, and stress fractures. They work closely with athletes to optimize performance, prevent injuries, and facilitate safe return to sports activities.
Spine Surgery: Orthopedic spine surgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal conditions, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and spinal fractures. Surgical procedures may include spinal fusion, discectomy, laminectomy, or artificial disc replacement, depending on the specific problem and patient's needs.
Pediatric Orthopedics: Pediatric orthopedic surgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in children, including congenital deformities, developmental disorders, and growth-related problems. They address issues such as clubfoot, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), limb length discrepancies, and pediatric fractures.