What Is an Inguinal Hernia?
An inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the intestine or soft tissue pushes through a weak area in the abdominal muscles near the groin. This area is called the inguinal canal.
In men, the inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord, and in women, it carries a ligament that supports the uterus. Because of this natural weakness, inguinal hernias are much more common in men than women.
This is the most common type of hernia and does not heal on its own.
This type of hernia can appear weeks, months, or even years after surgery.
Types of Inguinal Hernia
Inguinal hernias are classified based on how they form and how severe they are.
Based on Cause
Indirect Inguinal Hernia:
Present from birth due to a natural weakness. Common in children and young adults.
Direct Inguinal Hernia:
Develops over time due to muscle weakness. More common in older adults.
Based on Severity
Reducible Hernia: Can be gently pushed back inside
Incarcerated Hernia: Stuck and cannot be pushed back
Strangulated Hernia: Blood supply is cut off – medical emergency
Sliding Hernia: Part of an organ (such as bladder or colon) forms the hernia sac
Common Symptoms of Inguinal Hernia
A bulge in the groin or near the pubic bone
Bulge becomes more noticeable when standing, coughing, or lifting
Burning or aching sensation at the bulge
Pain or discomfort in the groin
Feeling of heaviness, pressure, or weakness
Swelling or pain around the testicles (in men)
Severe pain, nausea, or vomiting in advanced cases
Causes of Inguinal Hernia
A bulge in the groin or near the pubic bone
Bulge becomes more noticeable when standing, coughing, or lifting
Burning or aching sensation at the bulge
Pain or discomfort in the groin
Feeling of heaviness, pressure, or weakness
Swelling or pain around the testicles (in men)
Severe pain, nausea, or vomiting in advanced cases
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you have:
Male gender (men are 8–10 times more likely)
Family history of hernia
Premature birth or low birth weight
Chronic cough or smoking
Chronic constipation
Obesity
Jobs involving heavy lifting or prolonged standing
Older age
Previous hernia on either side
Benefits of Inguinal Hernia Surgery
Prevents life-threatening complications – Eliminates the risk of intestinal strangulation, tissue death, infection, and emergency surgery.
Relieves chronic groin and testicular pain – Removes burning, aching discomfort and allows pain-free movement.
Stops hernia progression – Prevents the hernia from growing larger and reduces future risks.
Restores physical strength and mobility – Enables normal walking, lifting, exercise, and sports activities.
Supports an active, productive lifestyle – Improves ability to work and perform daily tasks without fear or pain.
Protects fertility and testicular health in men – Reduces pressure and complications affecting the testes and reproductive function.
Surgical Treatment Options
Open Surgery
Laparoscopic (Keyhole) Surgery
Robotic Surgery
Most repairs use mesh reinforcement, which provides strong support and reduces the chance of recurrence. Success rates are 95% or higher with modern techniques.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek emergency medical care if you have:
Sudden, severe groin pain
Nausea and vomiting with hernia
Hernia that becomes hard, painful, or tender
Red, purple, or dark-colored bulge
Inability to pass stool or gas
Consult a doctor if:
You notice a groin bulge
Pain increases with activity
Discomfort affects daily life