Hip replacement surgery, also known as total hip replacement surgery, is a procedure in which a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. It’s commonly performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in patients with severe arthritis, injury, or other conditions that affect the hip joint.
Why It’s Done
Osteoarthritis: The most common cause is wear and tear of the cartilage in the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Causes joint inflammation and damage.
Hip fractures: Often in older adults due to falls.
Avascular necrosis: Reduced blood supply leads to bone death.
Other conditions: Such as hip dysplasia or joint deformities.
Types of Hip Replacement
Total Hip Replacement: Both the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) are replaced.
Partial Hip Replacement: Only the femoral head is replaced.
Hip Resurfacing: A less invasive option, the damaged surface is covered rather than replaced.
The Procedure
1) Pre-Surgery Prep:
- Medical evaluation and imaging.
- Stopping certain medications (e.g., blood thinners).
- Pre-operative exercises and physical therapy.
2) During Surgery:
- Performed under general or regional anesthesia.
- Damaged cartilage and bone are removed.
- Prosthetic components made of metal, ceramic, or plastic are implanted.
3) Post-Surgery Recovery:
- Physical therapy begins immediately or within a day.
- Hospital stay of 1–4 days (varies).
- Full recovery takes 3-6 months depending on age and health.
Risks and Complications
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Hip dislocation
- Leg length discrepancy
- Wear and tear of the implant
- Rarely, nerve or blood vessel damage.
Outcomes
Hip replacement surgery is highly successful for most patients, significantly reducing pain and improving quality of life. Modern implants can last 15-20 years or more, depending on functional levels and materials used.