Auxiliary breast tissue refers to the presence of extra breast tissue, usually located in the armpit (axilla), but can appear anywhere along the “milk line” that runs from the armpit to the groin. This condition is also known as polymastia or accessory breast tissue. It affects both men and women, although it is more commonly noted in women.
Causes
Auxiliary breast tissue is a congenital condition, meaning it occurs during fetal development. Normally, breast tissue develops along the milk line and disappears except in the chest area. In cases of accessory breast tissue, some of this tissue is located elsewhere in the milk line. This condition may be more noticeable during hormonal changes such as puberty, pregnancy or lactation.
Symptoms
- Lumps or swelling in the armpit area can be mistaken for swollen lymph nodes.
- Tenderness or discomfort in the affected area, especially during menstruation, pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Enlargement or changes in extra tissue during hormonal fluctuations.
- Nipple formation or secretion (though rare).
- Sometimes the tissue can be asymptomatic and only detected during a physical exam or imaging.
Diagnosis
The condition is often diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and appearance, but other methods include:
- Ultrasound: To distinguish other conditions such as a tumor and lymph node swelling caused by axillary breast tissue.
- Mammogram or MRI: To assess the extent of the tissue.
- Biopsy: If the tissue is suspicious or causes concern for malignancy..
Treatment Options
- Observation: If the axillary breast tissue does not cause any discomfort, treatment may not be necessary. Regular monitoring is generally recommended.
- Hormonal management: If the tissue is symptomatic during certain hormonal periods, doctors may recommend administering hormone levels to reduce symptoms.
- Surgical removal: If the tissue causes discomfort, aesthetic concerns, or potential health risks, it can be surgically removed. This is often done with liposuction or more invasive surgery, depending on the amount of tissue.
- Treatment for malignancy: In rare cases, the supporting breast tissue can develop into breast cancer. If diagnosed, treatment may include standard breast cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapies.
The choice of treatment depends on the patient’s symptoms, concerns, and associated risks. Regular self-examinations and tests are recommended to monitor any changes in the tissue.