Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This nerve controls sensation and movement in certain parts of the hand.
Symptoms
- Numbness or tingling: Primarily the thumb, index, middle and part of the ring finger.
- Pain or discomfort: Especially at night, it can extend to the forearm.
- Weakness: Difficulty grasping objects or performing fine motor tasks.
- Muscle wasting: In severe cases, the muscles at the base of the thumb may contract.
Causes
- Repetitive hand or wrist movements (eg, typing, assembly-line work).
- Wrist injuries or fractures.
- Medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Pregnancy or fluid retention.
- Genetics (a smaller carpal tunnel).
Diagnosis
- Physical Exam: Checks for weakness, tingling, or pain.
- Tinel’s Sign: Tingling is caused by tapping the nerves.
- Phalen’s Test: Wrist flexion to check for symptoms.
- Electrodiagnostic Tests: Nerve conduction studies or electromyography.
Treatment Options
- Conservative Treatments:
Wrist Splints: To keep the wrist in a neutral position, especially at night.
Activity Modification: Reducing repetitive hand movements.
Medications: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) or corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation.
- Physical Therapy:
Exercises to strengthen and stretch wrist and hand muscles.
- Surgical Options:
Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: To relieve pressure on the median nerve, the ligament that presses on it is cut.
Prevention
- Take frequent breaks from repetitive tasks.
- Maintain a neutral wrist position while working.
- Do stretching and strengthening exercises regularly.
If left untreated, CTS can lead to permanent nerve damage or loss of hand function. Early intervention is key. Let me know if you want details on exercises or treatment!