A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a woman’s uterus (womb), which may be necessary for a variety of medical reasons. Common causes include uterine fibroids, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or cancer of the uterus, cervix, or uterus. There are several types of hysterectomies:
Total Hysterectomy: Removes the entire uterus and cervix.
Removes the top of the uterus but leaves the cervix in place.
Radical Hysterectomy: Commonly used in cancer cases where the uterus, cervix, part of the fallopian tube and surrounding tissue are removed.
Surgery can be performed using minimally invasive techniques such as abdominal, vaginal or laparoscopy. After a hysterectomy, a woman no longer menstruates and cannot become pregnant. Recovery varies, and abdominal procedures generally require a longer healing time than minimally invasive approaches.
Symptoms of hysterectomy
Post-Surgical Pain: Abdominal or pelvic pain and discomfort, especially if an abdominal incision is made.
Vaginal Bleeding or Discharge: Light bleeding or discharge is common for a few days to weeks after surgery.
Fatigue: Recovery from hysterectomy often involves significant fatigue, which can last for several weeks.
Menopause-like Symptoms: If the ovaries are removed (oophorectomy), it immediately triggers menopause, causing symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
Hormonal Changes: Even without a hysterectomy, some women experience hormonal changes that affect mood and energy levels.
Digestive Issues: Constipation and bloating may occur after surgery due to the impact on the abdominal muscles and anaesthetic effects.
Psychological Impact: Some women may feel loss or emotional distress, especially if the surgery affects their feminine or reproductive identity.
Long-term results can vary but may include changes in sexual function or libido, although many women report that surgery improves quality of life if it relieves painful symptoms.