Treatment of varicocele depends on the severity of symptoms and the effect on fertility. The following are common treatment options:
1. Conservative Management:
If a varicocele is asymptomatic and not causing fertility problems, no treatment is needed. Regular monitoring and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding prolonged standing or heavy lifting, can help manage symptoms.
Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage mild discomfort or pain.
2. Surgical Treatment (Varicocelectomy):
Surgery may be recommended in cases of infertility, pain or testicular atrophy (shrinkage). Types of surgery include:
Open Surgery: It involves making an incision in the groin and tying off the affected veins.
Microsurgical Varicocelectomy: This is a less invasive approach to magnify veins using a microscope, which can improve accuracy and reduce the risk of complications.
Laparoscopic Surgery: Small incisions are made, and a camera guides the surgeon to tie off the veins.
3. Minimally Invasive Treatment:
Percutaneous Embolization:
A catheter is inserted into the vein (usually through the groin or neck), and a material or coils are placed to block the enlarged vein.
This procedure is minimally invasive and is performed by an interventional radiologist.
It is usually done under local anesthesia and the recovery time is shorter compared to surgery.
4. Scrotal Support:
Wearing scrotal support or tight underwear can help reduce discomfort, especially during physical activity.
The best treatment depends on individual factors such as the size of the varicocele, symptoms, and the individual’s fertility goals. A consultation with a urologist can help determine the most appropriate course of action.